Psychiatry Journal

Research Article

Executive Functions and Adaptive Behaviour in Autism Spectrum Disorders with and without Intellectual Disability

Table 5

Means, SD, and statistically significant differences ( test; Bonferroni correction: ; Cohen’s test) obtained from experimental and control groups at VABS.


	ASD Mean (SD)	No-ASD Mean (SD)		Bonferroni adjusted value	Cohen’s

	VABS: communication
Total ASD/no-ASD	190 (49.55)	216.06 (45.7)	.041	ns	−0.54
HF-ASD/TD	210.27 (34.9)	238.67 (20.52)	.045	ns	−0.99
ASD-BIF/BIF	200.5 (27.52)	228.09 (17.27)	.015	ns	−1.20
ASD-MID/MID	146.14 (64.59)	206.08 (24.12)	.009	.036	−1.23

	VABS: daily life
Total ASD/no-ASD	189.08 (72.09)	254.09 (67.55)	<.001	<.004	−0.93
HF-ASD/TD	204.91 (61.92)	279.22 (57.71)	.013	ns	−1.24
ASD-BIF/BIF	200.63 (72.27)	268 (54.14)	.032	ns	−1.05
ASD-MID/MID	151 (82.7)	243.67 (38.58)	.004	.016	−1.43

	VABS: socialization
Total ASD/no-ASD	111.92 (34.85)	176.09 (50.68)	<.001	<.004	−1.47
HF-ASD/TD	118.09 (30.57)	214.67 (34.7)	<.001	<.004	−2.95
ASD-BIF/BIF	121.13 (24.2)	180.91 (32.98)	<.001	<.004	−2.07
ASD-MID/MID	91.71 (46.49)	157.42 (43.15)	<.002	<.008	−1.61

	VABS: Composite Scale
Total ASD/no-ASD	604.38 (158.52)	741.97 (173.9)	<.001	<.004	−0.83
HF-ASD/TD	533.27 (117.75)	732.56 (111.19)	<.001	<.004	−1.74
ASD-BIF/BIF	522.25 (120.04)	677.01 (96.37)	<.006	<.024	−1.42
ASD-MID/MID	388.86 (187.5)	607.17 (88.36)	<.003	<.012	−1.49

ASD: autism spectrum disorders; HF: high functioning; BIF: borderline intellectual functioning; MID: mild intellectual disability; TD: typical development; ns: no significance.