Substance Use as a Strong Predictor of Poor Academic Achievement among University Students

Table 2

Mean difference of CGPA with respect to substance use and other selected variables, 2015.

Variables	Frequency; (%)	CGPA; mean (SD)		value
Gender
Male	482 (66.5)	3.05 (0.48)	8.55	<0.001
Female	243 (33.5)	2.72 (0.49)
Age group
Below mean age	454 (62.6)	2.91 (0.52)	−1.38	0.17
Above mean age	271 (37.4)	2.97 (0.51)
Residence
Rural	412 (56.8)	2.96 (0.51)	1.69	0.09
Urban	313 (43.2)	2.89 (0.52)
Parent substance use
Yes	160 (22.1)	2.92 (0.57)	−0.46	0.65
No	565 (77.9)	2.94 (0.49)
Lifetime substance use
Yes	240 (33.1)	2.82 (0.55)	−4.47	<0.001
No	485 (66.9)	2.99 (0.48)
Substance abuse
Yes	98 (13.5)	2.64 (0.57)	−6.15	<0.001
No	627 (86.5)	2.98 (0.49)
Current alcohol
Yes	179 (24.7)	2.78 (0.58)	−4.74	<0.001
No	546 (75.3)	2.98 (0.48)
Current khat
Yes	74 (10.2)	2.56 (0.51)	−6.67	<0.001
No	651 (89.8)	2.97 (0.50)
Current smoking
Yes	41 (5.7)	2.34 (0.41)	−7.84	<0.001
No	684 (94.3)	2.97 (0.50)
Hostel user
Yes	518 (71.4)	2.98 (0.51)	3.95	<0.001
No	204 (28.6)	2.81 (0.51)

SD: standard deviation. on CAGE-AID score.