The Temporal Relationship between Selected Mental Disorders and Substance-Related Disorders: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Table 4

Estimated hazard ratio of the subsequent onset of substance-related disorders (mental illness vs. control) for subsamples.

	Substance-related disorders
	N	HR	(95% CI)	P-value
Age (years)
10-19	10125	14.55	(7.89,26.83)	<.0001
20-29	29149	8.59	(7.04,10.48)	<.0001
30-39	40197	7.17	(6.14,8.38)	<.0001
40-49	53708	4.47	(3.86,5.17)	<.0001
50-59	46456	3.78	(3.12,4.56)	<.0001
60-69	36259	2.12	(1.72,2.62)	<.0001
≥70	32952	2.18	(1.65,2.87)	<.0001
Gender
Male	96967	8.68	(7.35,10.26)	<.0001
Female	151879	4.24	(3.90,4.60)	<.0001
Urban level
Highest urbanization	56565	5.69	(4.82,6.73)	<.0001
High urbanization	69889	5.70	(4.92,6.60)	<.0001
Moderate	44001	5.29	(4.44,6.31)	<.0001
Low urbanization	43870	4.93	(4.14,5.87)	<.0001
Lowest urbanization	34521	3.47	(2.95,4.08)	<.0001
Income level (NT$)
≦18,780	122839	5.65	(5.10,6.26)	<.0001
18,780-22,800	66428	4.25	(3.71,4.86)	<.0001
22,801-28,800	14686	5.01	(3.63,6.93)	<.0001
28,801-36,300	15442	6.62	(4.54,9.66)	<.0001
36,301-45,800	15159	3.77	(2.78,5.12)	<.0001
≧45,801	14292	3.45	(2.45,4.87)	<.0001

: subsamples were stratified by age, gender, urban level, and income level; model analyses were adjusted for other covariates.