Association between Neighborhood Conditions and Mental Disorders among Children in the US: Evidence from the National Survey of Children’s Health 2011/12

Table 4

Adjusted OR (AORϯ) for different categories of mental disorder.

Variables	ADHD	Depression	Anxiety problem	Behavioral/conduct problem	ACDMD
	AORϯ (95% CI)	AORϯ (95% CI)	AORϯ (95% CI)	AORϯ (95% CI)	AORϯ (96% CI)
Child’s age (year)
6–8	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
9–11	1.52 (1.20, 1.92)	2.90 (1.45, 5.81)	1.64 (1.21, 2.23)	1.13 (0.75, 1.71)	1.47 (1.20, 1.80)
12–14	1.52 (1.21, 1.90)	3.11 (1.66, 5.80)	1.61 (1.16, 2.24)	0.75 (0.50, 1.13)	1.47 (1.20, 1.79)
15–17	1.28 (1.02, 1.62)	6.40 (3.54, 11.55)	1.81 (1.33, 2.47)	0.95 (0.62, 1.46)	1.63 (1.33, 1.99)
Child’s sex
Male	2.41 (2.05, 2.83)	1.12 (0.81, 1.54)	1.08 (0.88, 1.33)	2.12 (1.52, 2.96)	1.90 (1.65, 2.18)
Female	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Child’s race
Hispanic	0.41 (0.31, 0.56)	0.81 (0.48, 1.37)	0.38 (0.26, 0.56)	0.71 (0.43, 1.18)	0.46 (0.35, 0.59)
White, non-Hispanic	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Black, non-Hispanic	0.57 (0.43, 0.75)	0.57 (0.32, 1.03)	0.35 (0.20, 0.60)	0.76 (0.51, 1.13)	0.53 (0.41, 0.69)
Multiracial/other, non-Hispanic	0.47 (0.37, 0.59)	0.48 (0.28, 0.84)	0.50 (0.36, 0.68)	0.69 (0.46, 1.01)	0.49 (0.40, 0.60)
Supportive neighborhood
Yes	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
No	1.33 (1.06, 1.67)	1.07 (0.66, 1.73)	1.39 (1.02, 1.89)	1.17 (0.79, 1.72)	1.32 (1.08, 1.61)
Father’s mental health
Excellent/VG/good	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Fair/poor	1.15 (0.84, 1.57)	1.71 (1.01, 2.88)	1.57 (1.05, 2.33)	1.43 (0.88, 2.33)	1.30 (0.98, 1.73)
Mother’s mental health
Excellent/VG/good	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Fair/poor	1.43 (1.08, 1.89)	2.39 (1.50, 3.81)	3.00 (1.98, 4.55)	2.31 (1.46, 3.66)	1.84 (1.42, 2.40)
Number of ACEs
0	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
1	1.69 (1.40, 2.02)	2.76 (1.81, 4.20)	1.94 (1.50, 2.52)	3.04 (2.07, 4.46)	1.73 (1.47, 2.03)
2	2.08 (1.62, 2.67)	3.95 (2.53, 6.16)	2.01 (1.49, 2.72)	4.87 (2.91, 8.17)	2.28 (1.81, 2.87)
3-4	2.79 (2.07, 3.75)	7.99 (4.75, 13.45)	2.31 (1.63, 3.27)	8.49 (5.36, 13.45)	2.98 (2.31, 3.84)
5–9	4.97 (3.48, 7.10)	10.31 (6.43, 16.54)	4.96 (3.45, 7.15)	12.53 (8.16, 19.24)	6.07 (4.45, 8.29)

Adjusted odds ratio (AORϯ) from the multivariable model II adjusted for supportive environment, child’s age, child’s sex, child’s race, mother’s mental health, father’s mental health, and number.