Assessment of Real-Life Outcomes in Schizophrenia Patients according to Compliance

Table 4

Multivariate regression analyses.

	^a	Value^b (95% CI)	value
Responder	1137	2.51 (1.84, 3.42)	<0.001
Symptoms
Current symptoms present
Positive	1153	0.62 (0.42, 0.93)	0.022
Negative	1153	0.82 (0.55, 1.25)	0.361
Cognitive impairments	1153	0.72 (0.51, 1.01)	0.060
Anxiety	1153	0.66 (0.48, 0.92)	0.012
Depression	1153	1.00 (0.73, 1.36)	0.974
Sleep issues	1153	0.67 (0.50, 0.90)	0.008
Other	1153	0.69 (0.49, 0.96)	0.028
Overall severity^c
Positive	1144	-7.92^d (-12.47, -3.37)	0.001
Negative	1144	-5.64^d (-9.43, -1.85)	0.004
Cognitive	1144	-5.36^d (-8.95, -1.78)	0.004
Hospitalizations
Hospitalized in the last 12 months	1129	0.36 (0.25, 0.54)	<0.001
Number of hospitalizations in the last 12 months	1076	0.41^e (0.29, 0.59)	<0.001
Medication side effects
Physician-reported
None	1053	1.46 (1.04, 2.04)	0.030
Weight gain	1053	0.97 (0.67, 1.39)	0.849
Patient-reported
None	394	1.43 (0.89, 2.28)	0.138
Weight gain	394	1.45 (0.74, 2.83)	0.282
Employment, caregiver, quality of life, and impairment
Unemployed	1143	0.46 (0.34, 0.64)	<0.001
Has caregiver (physician-reported)	1074	0.99 (0.72, 1.36)	0.949
Has caregiver (patient-reported)	527	0.98 (0.65, 1.48)	0.936
EQ-5D health utility	444	0.03^d (-0.01, 0.07)	0.119
EQ-5D VAS	432	3.31^d (-0.71, 7.32)	0.106
Q-LES-Q score	407	4.82^d (1.06, 8.57)	0.013
Q-LES-Q life satisfaction/contentment during the past week^f	441	2.30 (1.21, 4.41)	0.012
WPAI
Percent work time missed	147	-6.27^d (-14.75, 2.22)	0.145
Percent impairment while working	144	-2.08^d (-9.56, 5.40)	0.581
Percent overall work impairment	141	-2.02^d (-11.06, 7.02)	0.657
Percent activity impairment	494	1.11d (-3.73, 5.95)	0.650

Each row represents a separate regression. Results are based on the patient being a responder. CI = confidence interval; EQ-5D = EuroQol 5 Dimensions; Q-LES-Q = Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; VAS = visual analogue scale; WPAI = Work Productivity and Activity Impairment. ^aNumber of observations. ^bAll values are odds ratios unless otherwise indicated. Odds ratios were calculated based on the patient being always compliant (always , sometimes ). ^cMeasured from 0 (not present) to 100 (severe). ^dCoefficient (). ^eIncidence rate ratio. ^fPatients who responded with fair, good, or very good.