The Effect of a Restraint Reduction Program on Physical Restraint Rates in Rehabilitation Settings in Hong Kong
Table 3
Comparison of the pre- and postintervention restraint rates in the study and control sites.
Study site
Control site
Preintervention phase
Postintervention phase
Preintervention phase
Postintervention phase
-value (t-test)
-value (t-test)
M (%) ± SD
M (%) ± SD
M (%) ± SD
M (%) ± SD
Intermittent restraint
A/D
0.6 ± 0.02
7.1 ± 0.08
<0.001
0.4 ± 0.01
6.3 ± 0.05
<0.001
P/D
0.7 ± 0.02
3.7 ± 0.05
<0.001
N
1.0 ± 0.02
2.8 ± 0.04
<0.001
0.0 ± 0.00
0.4 ± 0.02
0.019
Overall
0.7 ± 0.02
5.1 ± 0.07
<0.001
0.2 ± 0.01
3.3 ± 0.05
<0.001
Continuous restraint
A
10.7 ± 0.12
8.3 ± 0.07
0.001
4.2 ± 0.03
6.6 ± 0.05
<0.001
P
11.6 ± 0.15
7.6 ± 0.07
<0.001
N
10.0 ± 0.12
10.5 ± 0.07
0.592
0.6 ± 0.02
3.5 ± 0.03
<0.001
Overall
10.8 ± 0.13
8.5 ± 0.07
<0.001
2.4 ± 0.03
5.0 ± 0.05
<0.001
A/D: am shift for Study site; or day shift for Control site. P/D: pm-shift for Study site; or day-shift for Control site. N: night-shift. n: number of shifts.
*restraint rate: the number of patients being restrained/the total number of patients in the ward per shift.
