Perceived Cognitive Decline in Multiple Sclerosis Impacts Quality of Life Independently of Depression
Table 1
Characteristics of MS patients ().
Characteristics
Total sample
Males ()
Females ()
value
Age, years
40.5 ± 10.3
40.9 ± 12.1
40.2 ± 9.2
NS
Education level (A/B/C) %
19/57/24
25/56/19
16/58/26
—
EDSS
3.6 ± 1.9
3.9 ± 2.2
3.4 ± 1.7
NS
MHI-depression
69.0 ± 21.0
71.7 ± 21.2
67.5 ± 20.9
NS
PDQ-attention/concentration
4.8 ± 4.0
4 ± 3.4
5.2 ± 4.3
NS
PDQ-retrospective memory
3.9 ± 4.3
3.2 ± 3.9
4.3 ± 4.5
NS
PDQ-prospective memory
2.8 ± 3.4
2.3 ± 2.9
3.1 ± 3.6
NS
PDQ-planning/organization
3.1 ± 3.8
2.4 ± 3.3
3.4 ± 4.0
NS
SF-36 physical functioning
66.0 ± 36.2
65.7 ± 42.1
66.1 ± 32.7
NS
SF-36 role physical
69.0 ± 42.4
72.2 ± 40.9
67.2 ± 43.4
NS
SF-36 general health
60.7 ± 20.1
63.9 ± 20.9
58.9 ± 19.6
NS
SF-36 vitality
55.0 ± 23.0
60.6 ± 23.8
51.9 ± 22.0
NS
SF-36 social functioning
72.4 ± 29.0
74.0 ± 30.1
71.5 ± 28.5
NS
SF-36 role emotional
75.0 ± 40.6
76.0 ± 40.3
74.5 ± 41.0
NS
SF-36 mental health
58.7 ± 17.5
62.9 ± 17.6
56.4 ± 17.2
NS
Unless specified otherwise, values are presented as means ± SD. Significance level or alpha () level was set at 0.05. Education level: A, primary education; B, secondary education; C, tertiary education; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; MHI, Mental Health Inventory; PDQ, Perceived Deficits Questionnaire, NS, nonsignificant.
