The Effect of Therapeutic Exercise on Long-Standing Adductor-Related Groin Pain in Athletes: Modified Hölmich Protocol

Table 4

Dependent variables, before and after values, and significance level after the paired samples t-test.

Dependent variable	Before	After	Percentage gain in muscle strength	Paired samples test sig. (two-tailed)
VAS pain score (legs add. against resistance)	5.07 (0.59)	0.27 (0.45)		0.0001
VAS pain score (during function)	5.20 (0.67)	0.73 (0.79)		0.0001
Hip Abd. ROM (°)	45.53 (4.10)	48.67 (4.25)		0.0001
Hip Int. rot. ROM (°)	23.40 (8.73)	25.13 (8.21)		0.006
Iso. Add. (N·m·kg^−1)	1.26 (0.49)	2.00 (0.46)	58.79%	0.0001
Iso. Abd. (N·m·kg^−1)	1.63 (0.33)	2.12 (0.31)	29.53%	0.0001
Ecc. Add. (N·m·kg^−1)	1.61 (0.75)	2.49 (0.66)	54.66%	0.0001
Ecc. Abd. (N·m·kg^−1)	2.44 (0.54)	3.07 (0.66)	25.97%	0.0001
Ratio of Iso. hip Add. to Abd.	0.77 (0.24)	0.94 (0.15)		0.006
Ratio of Ecc. hip Add. to Abd.	0.67 (0.27)	0.81 (0.16)		0.009
t-Test (sec)	11.51 (0.91)	9.86 (0.51)		0.0001
ESST (m)	23.80 (2.78)	29.80 (2.42)		0.0001
THT (m)	5.30 (0.56)	6.29 (0.39)		0.0001

Note. Abd.: abduction; Add.: adduction; Int. rot.: internal rotation; Iso.: isometric; Ecc.: eccentric; VAS: visual analogue scale; ESST: Edgren Side Step Test; THT: Triple Hop Test for Distance.