Research Article

Low-Level Laser Therapy in Prevention of the Development of Endothelial Dysfunction and Clinical Experience of Treatment and Rehabilitation of COVID-19 Patients

Table 1

Physiologically active substances and the circulatory system regulators synthesized in the endothelium.

Vascular tone regulators
VasoconstrictorsVasodilators
Endothelin-1 and -2
Angiotensin II
Thromboxane (ТХА2)
Prostaglandins H2 and G2
Nitric oxide (NO)
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)
Bradykinin
C-type natriuretic peptide
Adrenomedullin (ADM)
Endothelin-3
Hemostasis and antithrombosis regulators
Prothrombogenic factorsAntithrombogenic factors
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
Von Willebrand factor (coagulation factor VIII)
Angiotensin IV
Endothelin-1
NO
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Prostacyclin (PGI2)
Leukocyte adhesion regulators
Adhesion stimulants (E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)
Vascular growth regulators
StimulantsMyocyte migration and proliferation inhibitors
Regulators of inflammation, vascular permeability, and apoptosis of vascular wall components
StimulantsInhibitors
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)
Superoxide radicals (О2, OONO)
Protein kinase C (PKC)
NO