Advanced Ultrasound Screening for Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Internal Derangement

Figure 3

Normal ultrasound appearance of the articular disc in the sagittal plane, seen as an inverted hypoechoic c-shaped structure. Note that the disc maintains a constant central appearance with respect to the centre of the condyle, “c,” outlined by a central vertical line during the closed-mouth, half-open-mouth, and fully-open-mouth views. The anterior (“ant”) band and posterior band of the articular disc appear symmetrical in size with respect to the centre of the condyle. A focal annotated view was provided to aid visualization with the articular disc outlined with a dotted contour.