Brain Metastasis in Bone and Soft Tissue Cancers: A Review of Incidence, Interventions, and Outcomes

Table 1

Comparison of published reports detailing characteristics of patients with brain metastases from primary osteosarcoma.

Case author	Age, sex	Primary site	Primary treatment	IB Mo	Metastatic site	Metastatic treatment	OS Mo	Special aspects
Rabah et al., 2013 [13]	10 F	Right humerus	(None)	0^a	Right frontal lobe	Chemo, WBRT	14	Cerebral metastasis on presentation
Onodera et al., 2012 [14]	14 F	Left femur	Surgery, chemo	12	Right parietal lobe	SR	NR	No active pulmonary metastasis
Chou et al., 2011 [4]	𝑁=5; 15–58, M (4)	NR	NR	NR	Single cerebrum (3); multiple (2)	SR + RT	D
Flannery et al., 2010 [15]	𝑁=3; 17–37, M (3)	Pelvis, femur, humerus	Chemo	NR	1 single, 2 multiple	GKSRS	36–84	Gamma knife radiosurgery as therapy
Salvati et al., 2010, 1998 [2, 9]	𝑁=10; 11–60, M (5)	Femur, tibia	NR	0–110	Frontal (5), multiple (3), parietal, temporal	SR + WBRT	NR
Niazi et al., 2009 [20]	16 M	Right femur	(None)	0^a	Left cerebellum	SR	6 days	Posterior fossa hemorrhage on presentation
Kebudi et al., 2005 [3]	𝑁=5; 12–16, M (3)	NR	NR	3–27	Single (3),; multiple (2)	None (2); RT + chemo (3)	1–6	Literature review included in original study
Yonemoto et al., 2003 [18]	14 F	Right femur	SR + chemo	26	Tumor infiltration outside the bone cortex	SR + WBRT	Alive at 72	N/a
Paulino et al., 2003 [17]	𝑁=5; 11–19, M (4)	Femur (2), humerus, tibia, scapula	NR	10–48	Frontal (3), occipital (1), multiple (1)	SR, chemo, WBRT, None (2)	1–10
Weil et al., 2005 [21]	26 M	Right tibia	Chemo + SR	36	Skull and brain metastasis	SR	4	Patient refused chemo or RT for brain met treatment
Bouffet et al., 1997 [16]	𝑁=3; 9-17, M	NR	NR	12–15	Supratentorial (2)	None; RT (2)	2–4
Wroński et al., 1995 [5]	𝑁=5; 7–26, M (2)	Femur (3), maxilla humerus	NR	18–63	Temporal, parietal/occipital (3), posterior fossa	SR	2.4–13	WBRT was given to select patients (unspecified)
Chang et al., 1994 [22]	20 M	Bilateral femur	(None)	0^a	Right frontal lobe	SR + RT	5	Early metastasis, multifocal
Marina et al., 1993 [19]	3 M	Left humerus	SR, chemo	4	Temporal and left parietal	Chemo	Alive at 108	Additional review of 13 patients
Wexler et al., 1993 [23]	10 F	Right femur	SR, chemo	51	Left parietal and occipital	SR, WBRT	Alive at 120	N/a
Niedeggen et al., 1990 [24]	7 M	Left femur	SR, chemo	76	Right parietal lobe	SR, RT	Alive at 13	Histological findings included
Baram et al., 1988 [25]	𝑁=5; 8–15, M (2)	NR	Chemo ± SR	2–46	Frontal (2), multiple (1), NR (2)	Chemo ± SR	D	Incidence, clinical, and radiological findings and management
Lewis, 1988 [26]	15 F	Right humerus	Local radiotherapy	0^c	Left frontal lobe, left corpus callosum	Chemo	0	Brain lesions discovered upon autopsy
Ozarda et al., 1983 [27]	23 M	Right femur	NR	8	Right occipital lobe	Chemo + RT	NR	Bone scintigraphy usage
Danziger et al., 1979 [28]	𝑁=3; 18–20, F (3)	Right femur (3)	SR, chemo, RT	6–24	Temporal/occipital, frontoparietal, parietal	Chemo + RT; SR, none	D (2), NR

IB: interval to brain metastasis (mo); OS: overall survival in months; M: male; F: female; chemo: chemotherapy; SR: surgical resection; GKSRS: Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery. WBRT: whole brain radiotherapy; RT: radiotherapy; D: death prior to treatment; NR: not reported; ^abrain metastasis at initial presentation; ^balive at last follow-up without recurrence; ^cbrain metastasis at autopsy.