Combination Therapy with Disulfiram, Copper, and Doxorubicin for Osteosarcoma: In Vitro Support for a Novel Drug Repurposing Strategy

Figure 2

K7M2 displays altered expression of copper influx and efflux pumps as well as important chemoresistance factors compared to K12. K12 and K7M2 OS cell lines grown under identical culture conditions were processed for RNA extraction. cDNA generated was analyzed by qPCR for expression-level alterations between the OS cell lines and normalized to the geometric mean of housekeeper genes Nono, Rps17, and Rps18. (a) The Cu influx pump CTR1 was significantly downregulated in K7M2. (b) The Cu efflux pump ATP7A was significantly upregulated in K7M2 compared with K12. (c) Antioxidant enzyme and known cancer stem cell maker ALDH was significantly upregulated in K7M2 compared with K12 cells. (d) Additionally, the drug resistance multidrug pump ABCB1 was significantly upregulated in K7M2 compared with K12 cells. Molecular analysis was performed using technical triplicates from three separately cultured and processed samples . ; ; .

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