|
| Type | Method | Outcomes | Ref/year |
|
| Prosthodontic view | A systematic review on applying prosthodontic for forensic odontological aims. | The identification process in accidents and disasters is accelerated using marked dental prostheses. | [86]/2012 |
| Rugae pattern | The individuality of the rugae pattern was assessed by Martin dos Santos’ classification. | Rugae pattern was unique in each subject including dizygotic twins, showing no symmetry in neither number nor distribution. | [89]/2012 |
| Dental charts | Basic dental characteristics were coded into letters and analyzed by a specifically written computer program. | The diversity of dental patterns can be efficient for human identification. | [66]/2013 |
| AM/PM endodontic treatment records | An unknown body was identified by comparing AM and PM evidence of endodontic treatments. | Dental radiography records including endodontics are reliable legal tools in forensic dentistry. | [8]/2014 |
| Multislice CT (MSCT) | AM/PM comparison of both teeth and bone imaging data. | MSCT added a new dimension to the specialty of forensic radiology. | [69]/2014 |
| Palatal rugae patterns | Predominant shapes of rugae patterns were statistically analyzed and categorized in both genders. | The most predominant type of palatal rugae pattern was the “Wavy” variant in both genders. | [91]/2014 |
| Radiography | A precise comparison of AM and PM radiographs. | Comparable radiographs are shown to be essential evidence for personal identification in MD. | [74]/2015 |
| Frontal sinus pattern matching | Personal identification was conducted using frontal sinus radiography matching. | This method is shown to be useful in personal identification cases in the absence of other methods. | [78]/2015 |
| DNA analysis in combination with several other records | Several AM dental records including dental prosthesis, restorations, crowns, and bridge were used with or without DNA analysis. | Forensic odontology in combination with DNA analysis could accurately identify 97.4% of victims. | [65]/2015 |
| Ideal dental record form | The records from private clinics and academic teaching hospitals were analyzed in a comparative cross-sectional study. | The knowledge of the medicolegal importance of dental record maintenance increased among students. | [63]/2015 |
| AM and PM data | A forensic identification case was conducted using three comparative techniques for analyzing the dental traits from a single smile photograph. | A charred body was positively identified using the AM and PM records based on a smiling photograph. | [84]/2015 |
| Palatal rugoscopy | Palatal rugae pattern, incisive papillae shape, median palatal raphae length, and dental arches shape were analyzed. | Palate traits were individually for both genders. | [90]/2015 |
| Orthopantomograms | Nine types were determined for the full dentition, maxilla, and mandible patterns, and their diversity was studied in dental radiography. | Orthopantomograms are shown to be reliable tools for victim identification. | [73]/2015 |
| The responses of crime scene investigation (CSI) officers to the questionnaire | The designed questionnaire assessed the awareness and knowledge of CSI officers on forensic odontology. | The police personnel needs to be educated about the necessity of forensic dentistry. | [68]/2016 |
| Palatal rugae dimensions obtained with alginate impressions | Dimensions of the palatal rugae were measured on the rugae patterns traced on the dental casts using a digital caliper and compared between two tribes. | Karnataka and Kerala individuals showed a significant difference in the dimensions of the palatal rugae. | [93]/2016 |
| Radiographic endodontic records | A comparative dental identification was conducted using the periapical radiographs reproduced by imaging acquisition techniques. | These comparative techniques could positively identify all victims based on their dental morphology and treatment intervention. | [67]2016 |
| Dental prosthetics identification (DPid) | A digital database was established containing patient information accessible for dentists, laboratory technicians, and patients with different security levels. | DPid was suggested as a qualified tool for solving forensic cases independent from the DNA exam. | [87]/2017 |
| Dental records in a military population | A forensic dental symbols® system was designed to collect the information in a generic codification (unrestored, restored, missing, and crowned teeth). | Quality dental records were proved to be required as mandatorily stored and be easily accessible in all countries for dental identification forensic. | [4]/2017 |
| Extraoral dental radiography | The lateral oblique radiographs of left and right posterior teeth and the contact radiograph of anterior teeth were obtained. The scattered X-ray dose of each in the resolution test was calculated by the ionization chamber-type survey meter. | This method is especially useful for dental identification of disaster victims or patients who have problems in opening their mouths. | [6]/2017 |
| Maxillary canine index and maxillary first molar dimensions | The maxillary first molar dimensions (buccolingual and mesiodistal), maxillary canine index (mesiodistal), and the intercanine distance were measured on the cast using a vernier caliper. | The maxillary first molar BL dimension is shown to be the most reliable indicator trait for gender determination. | [88]/2017 |
| Rugae shape and positional changes | Pre- and postmaxillary expansion casts of palatal rugae were assayed for the shape of rugae, and the distance between the median points and lateral points of the first and the last two rugae on both sides of the mid-palatal raphe were measured. | The palatal separation can be quantified after the expansion of the maxillary arch using the interrugae distance. | [92]/2018 |
| The responses of commissioners to a questionnaire | A questionnaire on using dental evidence in human identification was designed and distributed in a commissionerate, and response data was interpreted. | The findings of this survey showed that dental professionals and law enforcement agencies need to work in close association. | [1]/2018 |
| Dental records, molecular traits, and identity of deceased persons | Describe the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach of human identification using forensic odontology and molecular biology/biochemistry together. | Such a multidisciplinary approach results in an adequately reliable identification outcome. | [14]/2018 |
| Forensic photography | Systematically review the various aspects, diverse applications, and recent advancements of forensic photography. | Forensic photography was introduced as a crucial tool in forensic dentistry from both mechanics and technique aspects. | [81]/2018 |
| Humanitarian forensic | Survey the potentials of forensic dentistry aimed at identity investigations in cases of preventing human rights violations. | Teeth and jaws are greatly helpful in providing the required data for disaster victim identification (DVI). | [62]/2019 |
| A dental remnant from disaster | The AM and PM radiographs, computerized tomography (CT) data, and 3D scan data were used. | 3D dataset comparison is inferred to be the future of forensic dentistry DVI techniques. | [15]/2019 |
| Posteroanterior (PA) skull radiographs | The frontal sinus digital photographs were transferred to Adobe® CS4, and the frontal sinus dimensions were measured. | The asymmetric and individual morphology of the frontal sinus makes it an effective identifier in forensic anthropology. | [37]/2019 |
| Panoramic images | Four oral and maxillofacial radiologists and four dentists who were not oral and maxillofacial radiologists were recruited to match the image pairs depicting a patient and qualitatively rate each match and indicate their used anatomical structure. | Panoramic images are qualified tools for identifying patients lacking teeth. | [76]/2019 |
| Dental pattern with adopting chronology of dental treatment | AM and PM orthopantomographs were analyzed for the dental pattern. | The automatized version of this method was introduced as more efficient and comprehensive. | [7]/2019 |
| 3D dental models and intraoral scans | A 3D dental identification system was developed using iterative closest point (ICP) and principal component analysis (PCA) using 3D dental models and intraoral scans [158]. | Automated identification from dental data (AutoIDD) could accurately identify the matches and differentiate the matches from nonmatches. | [11]/2020 |
| Dental panoramic radiographs | AM and PM DPR were compared by computer vision. | This method was efficient for the identification of dental traits even if they are added or removed in the past. | [75]/2020 |
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