|
| Definition of poor outcome | Predictor of poor outcome |
|
| Poor clinical outcomes |
| (i) More hospitalizations, rehospitalization after first episode [25–30] | Family history of psychosis
Sociodemographic factors: father’s high social class
Childhood development: earlier age of learning to stand or walk
Illness-related factors: insidious mode of illness onset, suicidal ideations at first episode, short first hospitalization, long DUP in short-term, and short DUP in long-term
Brain morphology: reduced density of the left limbic area |
| (ii) More symptoms, lack of remission [27, 29, 31, 32] | Adolescence factors: smoking at age 14 years, poorer school performance at high school
Illness-related factors: earlier age at onset, poor work adjustment at illness onset, single at illness onset, psychosocial stressor before illness onset, and more symptoms at first episode
Temperament traits: lower reward dependence and persistence
Brain morphology: decreased white matter volume |
| (iii) Treatment resistance [33] | Higher birth length and weight |
|
| Poor social outcomes |
(i) Poor occupational functioning
(ii) Disability pension
(iii) Low score on SOFAS [25, 29, 32, 34, 35] | Childhood and adolescence factors: lack of friends at childhood, poorer school performance at high school
Illness-related factors: earlier age of illness onset, single at illness onset
Temperament traits: lower persistence and higher harm avoidance
Brain morphology: reduced density of the grey matter in left frontal lobe and left limbic area |
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