Stem Cell Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pot of Gold or Pandora's Box

Table 4

(a) Summary of major cell-based clinical trials

Study	Method of delivery	Patients treated/control	Placebo/control	Cell type cell/number or dose	Time of cell delivery (days after MI)	Results
Strauer et al., 2002 [114] (Germany)	IC	20/10	Case controlled	BM-MNC; 9–28 × 10^6	7	Improved contractility and reduced infarct size at 6 months
TOPCARE-AMI, Assmus et al. 2002 [117], Schächinger 2004 [118]; (Germany)	IC	30/29	Control Nonrandomized open-labeled	BM-MNC; 2.4 × 10^8; CPC 1.3 × 10^7	3 to 7	Improved LVFE and reduced infract size at 4–12 months
BOOST,; Wollert et al. 2004 [119],	IC	30/30	Control	BM-MNC; 24 × 10^9	6	Improved EF at 6 months, increased regional contractility,
Meyer et al. 2006 [125]; (Germany)						no difference at 18 months
REPAIR-AMI,; Schächinger et al.; 2006 [123] (Germany)	IC	102/102	Placebo	BM-MNC; 2.4 × 10^8	4	Improved EF and reduced infarct size at 4 months
Fernandez et al. 2004 [120]	IC	20/13	Control	BM-MNC; 11–90 × 10^6	10–15	Significant functional improvement and reduced infarct size
Janssens et al., 2005 [122] (Belgium)	IC	33/34	Placebo	BM-MNC; 3.0 × 10^8 cells	1	Decrease scar size but no improvement in LVEF at 4 months
ASTAMI, lunde et al. 2006 [124] (Norway)	IC	50/50	Control; Randomized + placebo controlled	BM-MNC; 8.7 × 10^7	5 to 8	No difference at 6 months
Shah et al. 2007 [121, 126] (India)	IC	20/10	Control; Open-label nonrandomized	BM-MNC; 13.4 × 10^7	6 to 8	Improved LV function at 6 months and sustained at 24 months
Chen et al. 2004 [127] (China)	IC	34/35	Placebo; Controlled	MCSs; 48–68 × 10^10	18	Inc LVEF, Inc regional contractility, increase viability of infarct zone/wall after 3 and 6 months
Hare et al. 2009 [129] (USA)	IV	39/21	Double-blind placebo controlled	MSCs 0.5, 1.6, 5 million cells/kg	1, 2, 3, 6 months followup	Improved LVEF and reverse modeling

IC: intracoronary, IV: intravenous, BM-MNC: unfractionated bone marrow mononuclear cells, CPC: Circulating progenitor cells, MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells.

(b) Summary of major cell-based clinical trials

Study	Method of delivery	Patients treated/controlled	Placebo/control	Cell type, cell number, or dose	Time of cell delivery (days after MI)	Results
Ince et al. 2005 [152] First Line-AMI (Germany)	Mobilization of G-CSF	15/15	Randomized + controlled	BM-MNC CD34+	1–6	After 4 and 12 month followup improved LVEF and systolic wall thickness
Ripa et al. 2006 [153],; STEMMI (Denmark)	Mobilization of G-CSF	39/39	Randomized + placebo controlled	BM-MNC CD34+	1–6	After 6 month followup systolic wall thickness ↑ viability of infarct zone/wall
Zohlnhöfer et al. 2006 [154], REVIVAL (Germany)	Mobilization of G-CSF	56/58	Randomized + placebo controlled	BM-MNC CD34+	1–6	After 4 and 6 month followup No effects
Engelman et al. 2006 [155],; G-CSF-STEMI (Germany)	Mobilization of G-CSF	22/22	Randomized + placebo controlled	BM-MNC CD34+	1–5	After 4 and 6 month followup; No effects