Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal/TGF-β and BMP Signaling Pathways by SB431542 and Dorsomorphin Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Figure 1

Human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) express neurite outgrowths upon dual inhibition of activin/nodal/TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways. hADSCs were cultured in basal medium DMEM containing 10% FBS (BM) or BM containing either activin/nodal/TGF-β pathway inhibitor SB431542 (SB) or BMP pathway inhibitor dorsomorphin (DM) or both for 14 days. Cells were stained with DAPI (staining nuclei) as well as FITC conjugated phalloidin (staining F-actin) and images were captured under a fluorescent microscope. Addition of SB or SB + DM induced neurite outgrowths in hADSCs. The length of neurite outgrowth in SB + DM group was significantly longer in comparison with other groups. Scale bar = 100 μm.