Extracellular Vesicles: Evolving Factors in Stem Cell Biology

Table 1

Stem cell signatures expressed and secreted in EVs.

Components	Stem cell type/source	Reference
Nanog, Oct-4, HoxB4 and Rex-1	ESCs	[37]
CD105	CSCs, MSCs	[38, 97]
Prominin-1/CD133	HPCs, melanocytes	[39, 40]
KIT	Mast/stem cells	[42]
WNT	Fibroblasts, DLBCL	[43, 44, 96]
β-catenin	HEK	[45]
Stem-cell antigen-1	MSCs	[97]
TGF-β1	Fibroblasts, epithelial cells	[98]
TIA, TIAR, HuR, Stau1, Stau2, RPS29, and Ago2	MSCs	[54]
KGF	MSCs	[99]
Oct4 and Sox2 mRNAs	ESCs	[62]
IGF-1R mRNA	MSCs	[100]
DEFA3, HBB, ITGA2B, and ITGB3 mRNAs	HPCs	[101]
VEGF	MSCs	[68]
PDGFR-β, TIMP 1 and 2, sphingomyelin, lactic acid, and glutamic acid	MSCs	[69]
CD34	MSCs	[102]
E-cadherin	MSCs	[103]
Bcl-2	MSCs	[104]
NEP	MSCs	[105]

ESCs: embryonic stem cells, CSCs: cancer stem cells, MSC: mesenchymal stem cells, HPCs: haematopoietic precursor cells, DLBCL: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, HEK: human embryonic kidney cells, KIT: mast/stem cell growth factor receptor, IGF-1R: growth factor receptor, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor beta 1, KGF: keratinocyte growth factor, ITGA; integrin alpha, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, PDGFR-β: platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, and NEP: neprilysin.