Research Article
Exogenous Heparan Sulfate Enhances the TGF-β3-Induced Chondrogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Activating TGF-β/Smad Signaling
Table 1
Primers used for real-time PCR.
| | Gene | Forward primer (5′ to 3′) | Reverse primer (5′ to 3′) |
| | GAPDH | 5′-AGAAAAACCTGCCAAATATGATGAC-3′ | 5′-TGGGTGTCGCTGTTGAAGTC-3′ | | Col2A1 | 5′-GGCAATAGCAGGTTCACGTACA-3′ | 5′-CGATAACAGTCTTGCCCCACTT-3′ | | ACAN | 5′-TGCATTCCACGAAGCTAACCTT-3′ | 5′-GACGCCTCGCCTTCTTGAA-3′ | | SOX9 | 5′-AGCGAACGCACATCAAGAC-3′ | 5′-GCTGTAGTGTGGGAGGTTGAA-3′ | | TβRI | 5′-ATTACCAACTGCCTTATTATGA-3′ | 5′-CATTACTCTCAAGGCTTCAC-3′ | | TβRII | 5′-ATGGAGGCCCAGAAAGATG-3′ | 5′-GACTGCACCGTTGTTGTCAG-3′ | | TβRIII | 5′-GTGTTCCCTCCAAAGTGCAAC-3′ | 5′-AGCTCGATGATGTGTACTTCCT-3′ |
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GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; COL2A1: collagen type II; ACAN: aggrecan; SOX9: SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9; TβRI/II/III: recombinant human transforming growth factor-β receptor type I/II/III.
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