Review Article
Preconditioning of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance Their Regulation of the Immune Response
Table 2
Regulation of the adaptive immune response by preconditioned human mesenchymal stem cells.
| Preconditioning approach | The source of cells | Secreted factors or expressed genes | Immunomodulatory effects | Reference |
| Hypoxia | G-MSCs | IL-10 and FasL | PBMC proliferation and apoptosis of PBMC | [53] | Hypoxia | AT-MSCs | IDO, PD-L1, and CXCL10 | PBMC, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell proliferation | [54, 57] | IFN-γ | BM-MSCs | IDO | T cell proliferation, degranulation, and Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) production | [59] | IFN-γ | UC-MSCs | IDO | expansion of Tregs | [60] | IL1-β | UC-MSCs | COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8 | Tregs and Th2 cell proliferation and numbers of Th1 and Th17 cells | [28] | IFN-γ and TNF-α | BM-MSCs | IDO | T cell proliferation | [63] | IFN-γ and TNF-α | Placenta-derived MSCs | PD-L2 | differentiation of CD4+IL-10+ and CD8+IL19+ Treg subpopulations | [64] | IFN-γ or TNF-α | WJ-MSCs | IDO, PGE-2, CIITA, and HGF | lymphocyte proliferation in the MLR | [65] | IFN-γ or TNF-α | BM-MSCs | IDO, PGE-2, and CIITA | mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes | [65] | IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and TLR ligands | BM-MSCs | galectin 9 | T cell proliferation | [67] | IL17A | BM-MSCs | IDO | T cell activation and proliferation and expansion of Tregs | [66] | Budesonide | BM-MSCs | IDO | T cell activation and proliferation | [69] |
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