tPA-MMP-9 Axis Plays a Pivotal Role in Mobilization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Bone Marrow to Circulation and Ischemic Region for Angiogenesis

Figure 8

Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) to detect small vessels in ischemic quadriceps at day 14 after critical limb ischemia (CLI) induction. (a–p) IHC staining to examine the distribution of α-SMA + small vessels (black arrows) in ischemic area in four treatment conditions of four groups. (1) Statistical analysis for subgroups of each group. (1) In B B group, subgroups with different black symbols (, , and ), . (2) In M B group, subgroups with different black symbols (, , and ), . (3) In M M group, subgroups with different black symbols (, ), . (4) In B M group, subgroups with different black symbols (, , and ), . (2) Statistical analysis for group comparison with respective treatment condition. (1) For SC subgroup (red bar chart), . (2) For CLI subgroup (blue bar chart), groups with different blue symbols (, ), . (3) For SC + tPA treatment condition (green bar chart), . (4) For CLI + tPA treatment condition (orange bar chart), groups with different orange symbols (, , and ), . All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test. SC = sham control; tPA = tissue plasminogen activator. for each group.