The Rise of CRISPR/Cas for Genome Editing in Stem Cells

Table 1

Orthogonal type II Cas9 and their optimal PAM preference.

Bacteria	PAM	CRISPR type	Reference
S. thermophilus	NNAGAAW (CRISPR1)	IIA	[28, 29]
N. meningitidis	NNNNGATT; NNNNGCTT	IIC	[28, 47, 145]
T. denticola	NAAAAN	IIA	[29]
S. mutans	NGG	IIA	[47]
L. innocua	NGG	IIA	[47]
L. buchneri	NAAAAN	IIA	[47]
C. jejuni	NNNNACA	IIC	[47]
P. multocida	GNNNCNNA	IIC	[47]
S. aureus	NNGRRT	IIA	[31]
N. cinerea	GAT	IIC	[31]
C. lari	GGG	IIC	[31]
P. lavamentivorans	CAT	IIC	[31]
C. diphtheriae	GG	IIC	[31]
S. pasteurianus	GTGA	IIA	[31]
S. pyogenes	NGG (NAG as minor)	IIA	[10]
S. pyogenes (D1135E)	NGG (does not recognize NAG)	IIA	[35]
S. pyogenes VQR (D1135V/R1335Q/T1337R)	NGAN; NGCG	IIA	[35]
S. pyogenes EQR; (D1135E/R1335Q/T1337R)	NGAG	IIA	[35]

Putative PAM; significantly smaller than spCas9. Bottom rows are engineered spCas9 proteins with different PAM preferences.