Neuromuscular Regeneration: Perspective on the Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretion Products

Figure 2

Morphological similarities between DPSCs (a) and UC-MSCs (b) (magnification: 100x), in [41]; qualitative analysis of the tridifferentiation potential of umbilical cord stroma derived MSCs by histological staining methods: adipogenic differentiation [Oil Red O staining (c)]; osteogenic differentiation [Alkaline Phosphatase staining (d)]; and chondrogenic differentiation [Alcian Blue staining (e)], in [16]; UC MSCs (f) and DPSCs (g) karyotype, to assess for chromosomal stability in terms of structure and number of chromosomes and the absence of neoplastic characteristics, demonstrating the stability and safety of the cells in usage; positive immunochemical staining of UC-MSCs for neural markers following in vitro culture in neurogenic differentiation medium. Cultured cells stained positive for (h) GFAP which is a glial cell marker; (i) GAP-43 which is related to axonal outgrowth; and (j) NeuN which is a marker for nucleus of neurons. Undifferentiated MSCs cells from Wharton’s jelly presenting a negative staining for (small panel inserted in (h)) GFAP; (small panel inserted in (i)) GAP-43, and (small panel inserted in (j)) NeuN (magnification: 200x), in [17].

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f) UC MSCs

(g) DPSCs

(h) GFAP

(i) GAP43

(j) NeuN