Astrocytes at the Hub of the Stress Response: Potential Modulation of Neurogenesis by miRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes

Table 2

miRNA associated with neurogenesis present in astrocytes- and astrocytes-derived exosomes.

miRNA	Expression level	Cellular process	Molecular target	References
miR-9	Overexpression	Reduces axonal branching and neurite outgrowth	MAP1b	[132]
miR-9	Upregulation/overexpression	Promotes neuronal differentiation	Notch signaling, several targets	[133]
miR-9	Upregulation/overexpression	Promotes neuronal differentiation and dendritic branching, inhibits migration	TLX, REST, Rap2a, and stathmin	[134]
miR-9	Upregulation/overexpression	Suppresses astrogliogenesis	Lifr-beta, Il6st (gp130), and Jak1 (jack/stat pathway)	[135]
miR-9	Upregulation/overexpression	Promotes neuronal differentiation and migration	TLX/Nre1, Foxg1, REST/NRSF, CoREST, Meis2, Gsh2, Islet1, Id4, and stathmin	[136]
miR-9	Overexpression	Mediates neural differentiation of ES cell	STAT3	[137]
miR-9	Overexpression	Promotes neuronal differentiation	Foxg1, Gsh2, SIRT1, and REST/NRSF	[138]
miR-9	Overexpression	Inhibits NSPC proliferation and facilitates NSPC differentiation	TLX	[118]
miR-9	Overexpression	Inhibits NSPC proliferation and facilitates NSPC differentiation	Hes1 (notch signaling)	[139]
miR-26a	Upregulation	Inhibits spine enlargement	RSK3	[140]
miR-26a	Downregulation	Prevents axonal regeneration	GSK3β	[141]
miR-26b	Upregulation	Promotes neuronal differentiation	Ctdsp2	[142]
miR-29a	Upregulation	Increase axonal branching	DCX	[143]
miR-34a	Upregulation	Promotes neural differentiation and synaptogenesis	TAp73, synaptotagmin-1, and sintaxin-1A	[144]
miR-34a	Upregulation	Inhibits neuronal differentiation, promotes proliferation	Numbl, NeuroD1, and Mash1	[134]
miR-34a	Upregulation	Promotes apoptosis, inhibits cell cycle progression and synaptic development	BCL-2, Cdk-4 Cyclin D2 synaptotagmin syntaxin-1A	[134]
miR-34a	Upregulation	Negatively regulate neurite outgrowth and dendritic branching		[134]
miR-125b	Upregulation	Promotes neuronal differentiation	BMP/TGFβ signaling	[133]
miR-125b	Upregulation	Promotes neuronal differentiation	Nestin	[145]
miR-125b	Upregulation	Inhibits NSPC proliferation and promotes differentiation	Musashi1	[146]
miR-129	Upregulation	Determination of the bipolar cell identity in retina	Xotx2, Xvsv1	[147]
miR-135b	Upregulation/Overexpression	Promotes neuronal induction	BMP/TGFβ signaling	[148]
miR-145	Upregulation	Promotes neuronal differentiation	OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4	[149]
miR-145	Upregulation	Promotes neuronal differentiation	SOX2, Lin28/let7	[150]
miR-221	Downregulated	Neurite guidance		[151]
Let-7 family	Upregulation	Pluripotency inhibitor promoting neural lineage, promotes neuronal differentiation	Lin28	[133]
Let-7 family	Upregulation	Promotes NSPCs differentiation	c-Myc, Lin28	[136]
Let-7b	Upregulation	Inhibits proliferation and promotes the differentiation of NSPCs	TLX, Cyclin D1	[152]
miR-543	Upregulation	Promotes neural stem cell differentiation and neuronal migration	N-Cadherin, TrappC8	[153]