Research Article

Crosstalk with Inflammatory Macrophages Shapes the Regulatory Properties of Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells

Figure 2

rMAPC suppress TNF-α release by macrophages in a COX-2-dependent mechanism. (a) Direct contact cocultures () of macrophages with rMAPC in increasing ratios (1 : 0 to 1 : 4) and (b) transwell cocultures of macrophages with rMAPC (1 : 4, ), supplemented with LPS. The results are shown as percentage of TNF-α levels normalized to the positive control (1 : 0 +LPS) with duplicates per experiment. Asterisks () indicate statistical significant difference with positive control. (c) Direct contact ( experiments) and (d) transwell coculture () of macrophages with rMAPC supplemented with LPS (1 : 4) and indomethacin. The results are shown as percentage of TNF-α levels normalized to the positive control (1 : 0 +LPS + indo) with duplicates per experiment. Asterisks () indicate statistical significant difference with positive control. (e) Effect of PGE2 (0 to 5 μg/mL) on TNF-α release by macrophages after LPS stimulation ( experiments with triplicates per experiment). The results are shown as percentage of TNF-α levels normalized to the positive control (0 μg/mL +LPS). Asterisks () indicate statistical significant difference with positive control. Mean values of dimethyl sulfoxide are shown as solvent of PGE2 (dotted line). (f) Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression in rMAPC treated with SN of LPS-activated macrophages, SN of naïve macrophages or LPS (). The results are shown as fold differences in comparison to SN of naïve macrophages. Asterisks () indicate statistical significant differences. Mean values ± SEM. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. , , and .
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