Human Suprapatellar Fat Pad-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Chondrogenesis and Cartilage Repair in a Model of Severe Osteoarthritis

Figure 3

Multilineage potential of suprapatellar- and infrapatellar-derived ASC. All directed differentiation processes were induced from both samples, suprapatellar- and infrapatellar-derived ASC at passages after 4. To quantify the efficiency of cell differentiation, specific staining was employed for each process: Oil Red O staining for adipogenesis, Alizarin red for osteogenesis and Alcian blue for chondrogenesis, versus infrapatellar. In addition, immunodetection of Connexin 43 (red; osteocyte marker) and phalloidin (green; cytoskeletal marker) was performed to evaluate osteocyte maturation. Sox9 (green) counterstained with DAPI (blue, nucleus) stained newly generated chondrocytes.