The Crosstalk between Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Niche and the Tumor Microenvironment

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the interaction between the ovarian cancer stem cell niche and the tumor microenvironment. T cells and M2 macrophages mediate self-renewal of oCSCs by secretion of IL-17. ADPs support tumorigenesis of oCSCs by secretion of IL-6. CAFs mediate self-renewal of oCSCs by secretion of FGF, VEGF, and IGF. MSCs mediate tumorigenesis of oCSCs by secretion of TGF-β. oCSCs induce differentiation of monocyte to M2 macrophages. oCSCs (CD133+) induce its own self-renewal by autocrine activation of IL-23 secretion. oCSCs induce tumorigenesis by CCL5 secretion (CD133+) and EV secretion. oCSCs (CD44+) induce its own differentiation to ECs by secretion of CCL5. MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; ADPs: adipocytes; MDSCs: myeloid-derived suppressor cells, T cells; CAFs: cancer-associated fibroblasts; oCSCs: ovarian cancer stem cells; ECs: endothelial cells; M2: macrophages; EVs: extracellular vesicles.