Stem Cells International

Review Article

Lymphocytes in Placental Tissues: Immune Regulation and Translational Possibilities for Immunotherapy

Table 2

Proportions of T cells in human placental tissues or peripheral blood and findings ex vivo relating to T cell function or outcome during pregnancy.


Cell	Compartment	Approximate abundance	Comment	Reference

CD8⁺	T1 Dec	70% of CD3⁺	Reversed CD4/8 versus PB	[61, 96]
	Term Dec basalis/parietalis		Virus-specific viral control	[98]
	Term Dec basalis/parietalis		↓ perforin versus PB	[100]
	Term PB		Hyporesponsiveness	[106]
	Term DSC		Hyporesponsiveness	[103]

CD4⁺	T1 Dec	20% of CD3⁺		[61]
Th1	T1 Dec	15% of CD4⁺	CCR4⁻CXCR3⁺CCR6⁻	[110]
	T1, T2, T3, PP PB	112, 110, 156, 53/100000 lymph	IFN-γ secreting cells	[115]
	T1 → T3 PB	20 → 17% of CD4⁺	IFN-γ⁺ ICS	[114]
	T1 → T3 PB	1% lower CD4⁺CD45RA⁺	IFN-γ⁺ ICS, Rel free versus Rel MS PP	[125]
Th2	T1 Dec	5% of CD4⁺	CCR4⁺CXCR3⁻CCR6⁻	[110]
	T1, T2, T3, PP PB	84, 87, 119, 54/100000 lymph	IL-4 secreting cells	[115]
	T1→ T3 PB	2.3 → 3% of CD4⁺	IL-4 ICS	[114]
	T3 PB	3% versus 1.5% of CD4⁺	No PE versus PE	[114]
Th17	T1 Dec	1-2% of CD4⁺	CCR4⁺CXCR3⁺CCR6⁺, IL17⁺ ICS	[110] [138]
	T1 → T3 PB	1-2% of CD4⁺	IL-17⁺ ICS	[138]
	Preterm amniotic fluid, decidua		Il-17⁺ ICS Th17 Inflammation in hAMSC	[152]
	T1 PB		↑ IL-17/CCR6⁺ in spontaneous abortion	[150]
Treg	T1 Dec	2% of CD4⁺	CD25^highFOXP3^high	[110]
	Term Dec, PB		Dec ↑ CTLA-4⁺, HLA-DR⁺, CD69⁺ versus PB	[123]
	T1, T2, T3 PB	6.7, 10.9, 8.9% of CD4⁺	CD4⁺CD25⁺	[171]
	T2 PB	6 versus 7.5% of CD4⁺	FOXP3⁺ pregnant versus nonpregnant. Reduced by hormones	[178]
	Term DSC		↑ Tregs, partly by IDO	[120]

CD: cluster of differentiation; Dec: decidua; DSC: decidual stromal cells; hAMSC: human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells; ICS: intracellular staining; IDO: indoleamine-2,3-dieoxygenase; lymph: lymphocytes; PB: peripheral blood; PE: preeclampsia; PP: postpartum; MS: multiple sclerosis; Rel: relapse; Treg: regulatory T cells; T1–3: trimester 1–3; TLR: toll-like receptor; UC: umbilical cord.