Review Article

Biomaterial Engineering for Controlling Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate

Table 1

Biomaterial scaffolds used to create microenvironments for influencing PSC fate.

MaterialCrosslink chemistryEffect on cell lineages

NaturalCollagen IpH-sensitive crosslinking
Temperature
Photopolymerization
Pluripotency [21]
Neural [3]
GelatinPhotopolymerization
Temperature
Passive coating
Osteogenic [1, 22]
Chondrogenesis [9]
Pluripotency [23]
Pancreatic [10]
Retinal [24]
FibrinEnzymatic crosslinkingEndoderm [25]
Neural [26, 27]
Osteogenic [28]
Hyaluronic acid (HA)PhotopolymerizationPluripotency [29, 30]
Neural [2, 3]
Retinal [24]
Cell-derived ECMs/MatrigelThermosensitive crosslinkingPluripotency [31, 32]
Vascular [15, 33]
Neural [4, 32]
ChitosanPhotopolymerizationVascular [34]
Osteogenic [1]
AgaroseThermosensitive hydrogelVascular [35]
DextranPhotopolymerizationVascular [20]
AlginateCaCl2 crosslinking
Photopolymerization
Neural [2]
Retinal [16]
Primordial germ cells [36]
Osteogenic [28]
Chondroitin sulfateGlutaraldehyde crosslinkingRetinal [24]
Hydroxyapatite; calcium phosphateGlutaraldehyde crosslinking
Freeze-dried
Osteogenic [1, 28]
RADA16-I/IISelf-assembling peptidesVascular (cardiac) [37, 38]
SyntheticPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)PhotopolymerizationNeural [11ā€“14]
Vascular [15, 39]
Poly(L-lysine) (PLL)Polyelectrolyte films
EDC crosslinking
Germ lineages [29]
Polycaprolactone (PCL)ElectrospinningNeural [4, 5]
Osteogenic [6]
Chondrogenic [9]
Polylactic acid (PLA)ElectrospinningDefinitive endoderm [40]
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)Electrospinning
Freeze-dried
Neural [7, 8]
Pancreatic [10]
N-Isopropylacrylamide gels (NIPAAm)Thermosensitive hydrogelNeural [11, 41]
Pluripotency [42]