Review Article

Design Principles for Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoid Engineering

Figure 4

Lineage specification from PSCs. Ectoderm induction is achieved by dual SMAD inhibition, whereas mesendodermal differentiation is based on the activation of dual SMAD regulators and WNT signaling. Dashed arrows represent examples of different cell types achieved by manipulating specific lineage differentiation.