Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Immunomodulatory Therapeutics

Table 2

Regulatory mechanisms of MSC-EVs on macrophage polarization.

EV source	Disease model	Effects	Defined key factors in EVs	Ref.
Mouse BM-MSCs	Renal injury	Chemotaxis inhibition; M1 suppression	CCR2	[67]
Human UC-MSCs	Inflammatory bowel disease	M1 suppression; M2 induction	NA	[68]
Human UC-MSCs	Abdominal aortic aneurysm	M1 suppression	miR-147	[69]
Human BM-MSCs	Bronchopulmonary dysplasia	M1 suppression; M2 induction	NA	[70]
Mouse BM-MSCs	Spinal cord injury	M2 induction	NA	[71]
Mouse AT-MSCs	Obesity-induced inflammation	M2 induction	Activated STAT3	[72]
Human UC-MSCs	Diabetic cutaneous wound	M2 induction	Let-7b	[73]
Human AT-MSCs	Muscle injury	M2 induction	miR-223, miR-146b, miR-126, and miR-199a	[74]
Human AT-MSCs	Ischemic brain injury	Microglial M2 induction	miR-30d-5p	[75]

BM: bone marrow; UC: umbilical cord; AT: adipose tissue; CCR2: C-C chemokine receptor type 2.