Wnt-GSK3β/β-Catenin Regulates the Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells

Figure 1

The ability of proliferation and differentiation analysis for three clones of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (A11, B11, and A32) and characterization of A32. Population doublings (PDs) of three clones (A11, B11, and A32) from different patients (a). The differentiating potential of the three clones into osteogenic (Alizarin Red staining) (b: B–D), adipogenic (Oil Red O staining) (b: F–H), and chondrogenic lineages (Safranin O staining) (b: J–L) when cultured in differentiation condition compared to control groups, respectively (b: A, C, and I). A32 had the potential to differentiate into osteogenic (b: B), adipogenic (b: F), and chondrogenic (b: J) lineages. A11 and B11 had the potential to differentiate into osteogenic lineages (b: C and D). Analysis of molecular surface antigen markers in A32 by flow cytometry (P2-positive zone of antigen) indicated that A32 was negative for CD34 and CD45, whereas it was positive for CD29 and CD90; of cells, 64.4% were CD146-positive and 27.2% STRO-1-positive (c). PE- and APC-conjugated nonspecific mouse IgG1 served as negative controls.

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