Succinate Supplement Elicited “Pseudohypoxia” Condition to Promote Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Cells

Figure 2

Hypoxia culture enhanced intracellular succinate accumulation and stabilized HIF-1α. Levels of intracellular succinate in cell lysates were detected by the succinate colorimetric assay (a). Hexokinase 2 (HK2), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) transcription at 4 h were determined by qPCR () (b), while protein expression was detected by western blot at 24 h (c). SDH activity at 6 h was measured by ELISA (d). Protein levels of the PHD2 and HIF-1α pathway were measured by western blot at 2 h (e). Blots were representative of 3 independent tests. , relative to control; , relative to control.

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