The Achievements and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Associated Colorectal Cancer

Figure 2

Risks factors associated with the unset and development of IBD/IBD-associated CRC. Though these factors mostly overlap, they can be put into four main categories which have many other subsets. NOD2: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; HLA/MHC: Human Leukocyte Antigens/Major Histocompatibility Complex; IRGM: immunity-related GTPase family M protein; ATG16LI: authophagy-related 16-like gene; IL23R: interleukin 23 receptor; IBD5: Inflammatory Bowel Disease 5.