The Application of Mechanical Stimulations in Tendon Tissue Engineering

Table 2

Static uniaxial stretching used in tendon tissue engineering.

Cell type	Parameters	Effects	Ref
Equine ASCs	4% strain; stretching for 2 h and followed by a 6 h pause.	Promoted cell alignment; more spindle-shaped cell and the elongated nucleus.	[64]
Human BMSCs	15% strain (day 0-7); 30% strain (after 7 days).	Enhanced COL I and III expression and its alignment; promoted SCX, TNMD expression. Promoted cell adhesion, alignment, and proliferation.	[23]
Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)	Maximum tensile force (just below the failure load).	Expressed COL I and VI but rarely expressed tendon-related proteins.	[65]
Human BMSCs	Double the length of the construct.	The packed and aligned fibrils. Increased ultimate tensile stress.	[66]
Human BMSCs	The constant tension generated by a bioreactor.	Upregulated the expression of SCX; modulated elastin and COL III, XII, and XIV expressions.	[44]
Human fibroblasts	The constant tension generated by a U-shaped spring.	Production of fibers of COL I & III that were aligned longitudinally.	[67]