Dentin-Derived Inorganic Minerals Promote the Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Applications for Bone Regeneration

Figure 4

Effects of DIM on BMMSC osteogenic differentiation. (a) ALP staining after BMMSCs were treated with 2 mg/mL DIM on the 5th day. . (b) ALP activity after BMMSCs were treated with 2 mg/mL DIM on the 3rd and 5th day. and . (c) Alizarin red staining showed calcium deposition after 14 days of culture. . (d) Quantification of (c). . (e) Protein expression levels of OCN, OSX, RUNX2, ALP, OPN, and COL-I were determined with western blot. (f) Quantification of (e). and . (g) mRNA expression levels of OCN, OSX, RUNX2, ALP, OPN, and COL-I were determined with qRT-PCR. and .

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