|
| Study mode | Characterization | Key markers | Mechanism | Function (partly) | References |
|
| Proliferation potential |
| Human SCAPs | | | | | |
(i) STRO-1+/CD146+
(ii) STRO-1-/CD146+ | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Osteo/odontogenic, adipogenic, neurogenic differentiation | STRO-1 | (i) (+) DSPP, BSP, ALP, BGLAP, BMP2, Runx2, NFL-L, nestin, NCAM, and β-tub-III | In vitro
(i) As a marker for subpopulation
(ii) With higher CFU efficiency | [81] |
| Human PDLSCs | | | | | |
(i) ALP+
(ii) ALP- | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Osteogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic differentiation
(iii) Positive for STRO-1, CD73, CD90, CD106, and CD146 | ALP | (i) (+) STRO-1, CD146 NANOG, OCT4, SOX | In vitro
(i) As a marker for subpopulation
(ii) Express higher level of stemness genes | [89] |
| DFCs (rat) | | | | | |
| (i) Overexpress NFIC | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Colony formation
(iii) Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation
(iv) Positive for CD29, CD44, CD90, and negative for CD34 and CD45 | NFIC | (i) (+) ALP, Col I, Runx2 | In vitro
(i) As a marker for regulating DFCs
(ii) Promote the proliferation and osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation | [91] |
| Differentiation potential |
| Human DPSCs | | CD146 | | | |
(i) CD146+
(ii) CD146-
(iii) CD146+/- | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation | | (i) (+) ALP, osteocalcin, DMP1, DSPP | In vitro
(i) As a marker for subpopulation
(ii) With higher osteo/dentinogenic and adipogenic differentiation
In vivo
(i) Generated clear dentin/pulp-like structures | [98] |
| Human DPSCs | | CD271/ p75 NTR, | | | |
(i) CD271+
(ii) CD271- | (i) Plastic adherent | | (i) (+) nestin, SOX1, SOX2 and SOX9 | In vitro
(i) As a marker for subpopulation
(ii) With greater neural differentiation potential | [102] |
Human DPSCs
(i) STRO-1+/c-Kit+/CD34+
(ii) STRO-1+/c-Kit+/CD34- | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation | CD34 | (i) (+) CD271 and nestin, β-galactosidase, MAP-2, Neu-N, synapsin | In vitro
(i) As a marker for subpopulation
(ii) With higher efficiency of neurogenic commitment | [106] |
| Human SCAPs | | WIF1 | | | |
| (i) Overexpress WIF1 | (i) Plastic adherent | | (i) By activating OSX
(ii) (+) ALP, DSPP, and DMP1 | In vitro
(i) As a marker for regulating SCAPs
(ii) Enhance dentinogenic differentiation potential
In vivo
(i) Generated greater bone/dentin-like tissues | [108] |
| Human SCAPs | | GNAI3 | | | |
| (i) Knockdown GNAI3 | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Odonto/osteogenic differentiation
(iii) Positive for CD44 and CD90 but negative for CD14 and CD45 | | (i) By suppressing JNK/ERK signaling
(ii) (+) DSPP, Runx2, OSX, OPN, OCN, and BMP4 | In vitro
(i) As a marker for regulating SCAPs
(ii) Promoting proliferation, migration and odonto/osteogenic differentiation | [117] |
| Immunomodulatory |
| Human PDLSCs | | | | | |
| (i) STRO-1+/CD146+ (97.1%) | (i) Plastic adherent | STRO-1/CD146 | (i) (-) CD1b | In vitro
(i) As a combination of markers for subpopulation
(ii) Regulating DC-mediated T-cell proliferation | [124] |
| Cellular aging |
| Human DPSCs | | | | | |
(i) Young DPSCs/MDPSCs
(ii) Aged DPSCs/MDPSCs | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Angiogenic, neurogenic, odontogenic/osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation
(iii) Positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD90, and negative for CD31 | Migratory response to G-CSF | (i) A small age-dependent increase: SA-β-gal, p16, p21, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, Groα | In vitro
(i) As a marker for subpopulation
(ii) With high proliferation, migration, and regeneration potential is independent of age | [130] |
| Human PDLSCs | | | | | |
| (i) Activate YAP | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation
(iii) Positive for CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105), and negative for CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR | YAP | (i) (+) P-MEK, P-ERK, P-P90RSK and P-Msk
(ii) (-) Bcl-2 family members (Bak, Bid, and Bik) | In vitro
(i) As a marker for regulating PDLSCs
(ii) Promote proliferation, accelerating the cell cycle, inhibiting apoptosis, and delaying senescence | [135, 136] |
| Human DPSCs | | | | | |
| (i) Overexpress TGF-β1 | (i) Plastic adherent
(ii) Osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation
(iii) Positive for CD90, CD44, CD105, and CD73, and negative for CD34, CD45, CD11b, and HLA-DR | TGF-β1 | | In vitro
(i) As a marker for regulating DPSCs
(ii) Have positive effect on proliferation, cell cycle, and prevents cellular senescence and apoptosis | [40] |
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