Continuous Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Leads to Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Functional Insulin-Producing β Cells

Figure 2

Comparison of small molecule combinations to induce cell differentiation into a definitive endoderm. (a) Mechanism of action of small molecules involved in IPC generation. (b) Cells cultured with activin A, LY294002, or CHIR99021 to induce differentiation into a definitive endoderm. (c) Immunostaining to detect FoxA2 in cells incubated with activin A, LY294002, and CHIR99021. (d) Abundant CXCR4 expression in cells incubated with activin A and CHIR99021, activin A, LY294002, and CHIR99021. (e) Quantitative PCR findings show the most abundant expression of Sox17 and CXCR4 mRNA, but relatively lower expression of FoxA2 mRNA in cells incubated with activin A, LY294002, and CHIR99021, than in those incubated with activin A and CHIR99021. Bars: (). , .

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