Stem Cells International

Review Article

Electrical Stimulation Promotes Stem Cell Neural Differentiation in Tissue Engineering

Table 5

Electrical stimulation through conductive materials for stem cell neural differentiation.


Conductive material	ES type	Cell type	Dimension	Stimulation parameters	ES effect	Reference

Crosslinked PEDOT : PSS films	Pulsed electrical stimulation	NSCs	2D	100 Hz, 1 V, 10 ms, 24 h first 4 days, 12 h/day for 8 days,	Increased Tuj1+ neuron ratio and neurites length	Pires F et al. [27]
PLGA/GO conductive composite membrane	Pulsed current	NSCs	2D	100 mV, 20, 100, and 500 Hz, 1 h/day, 3 days	Promote cell migration, adhesion and proliferation rates; promote neurite elongation and neuron differentiation, inhibited astrocytes differentiation	Fu C et al. [60]
Ti-coated nanopatterned substrate	Pulsed electrical stimulation	NSCs	2D	3 μA, 25 V, 1 Hz, 30 min, twice a day	Upregulated expression of the neuronal markers Tuj1 and NeuN	Yang K et al. [63]
PPy containing the anionic DBS	Pulsed current	NSCs	2D	±0.25 mA/cm², 100 ms pulses, 250 Hz	Predominantly induced NSCs differentiation into neurons, less glial	Stewart E. et al. [65]
p(HEMA-co-HMMA-co-PEGMA) hydrogels	AC	PC12	2D	N/A	Supported cell attachment, but not the differentiation	Aggas JR et al. [91]
PPy electroplated onto ITO slides	Pulsed current	NPCs derived from the H9 human ESCs	2D	+1 V to −1 V, 1 kHz for 1 h	Enhanced stroke recovery after transplanted into stroke injured rats	George, PM et al. [97]
PANI/PG	DC	NSCs	2D	1.5 V for 15, 30, and 60 min	Enhanced the cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth	Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L et al. [98]
GNPs and MWCNTs	DC	HT-22	2D	4.9335−6 S/m (GNPs); 1.89875−5 S/m (MWCNTs), days 1, 3, and 5	Reinforced cell proliferation and induced elongated morphology	Gupta P et al. [82]
Reduced GO-PEDOT hybrid microfiber	Pulsed electric simulation a self-powered electrical simulation system	MSCs	3D	250 V, 30 μA, 21 days	Induced high Tuj1 and GFAP gene expression	Guo W et al. [61]
PEGDA incorporated carbon nanotubes	Biphasic pulse	NSCs	3D	100, 500, 1000 μA, 100 Hz	Promoted cell proliferation and oligodendroglial differentiation (Tuj1, GFAP expression)	Lee SJ et al. [77]
BC/PEDOT nanofibers	Monophasic anodic pulses	PC12	3D	1–100 ms	Increased PC12 action potentials	Chen C et al. [78]
CNF/CNT ink	DC	SH-SY5Y	3D	, 10 days	Direct and enhance neural cell development	Kuzmenko V et al. [90]
3D graphene scaffold	Pulsed current	Patient-iPSC derived neural progenitcells	3D	10 μA, 1 Hz, 30 min/day for 3 days	Increased cell maturation (Tuj1 and MAP2 expression)	Nguyen AT et al. [99]
Polypyrrole-coated poly lactic acid fibrous	Biphasic potential	NSCs	3D	100 mV, 50 Hz for 3 days	Enhanced cell migration and neurite outgrowth	Sudwilai Thitima et al. [100]
Silk scaffold	Pulsed current	Primary neuron	3D	160 mV, 0.5 Hz–2 kHz, 24 h	Induced axon alignment and growth	Tang-Schomer MD et al. [101]

BC: bacterial cellulose; PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); PPy: polypyrrole; PANI: polyaniline; PG: poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/gelatin; GO: graphene oxide; PLGA: poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid); Ti: titanium; ITO: indium tin oxide; NPCs: neural progenitor cells; DBS: dopant dodecylbenzenesulfonate.