Review Article
3D Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Scaffolds: From Preparations and Properties to Tissue Regeneration Applications
Figure 8
Electrospun nanofibers in 3D scaffolds and their effects on cell alignment and neural differentiation. (a) A schematic illustration of the fabrication process of Anisogel. Electrospinning of aligned fibers (step I). Short fibers forming by cryosectioning (step II). Randomly oriented short fibers mixed within the hydrogel precursor solution before gelation and applying the magnetic field (step III). Fiber orientation under low magnetic field and hydrogel crosslinking result in the Anisogel (step IV). (b) The ability of the Anisogel to direct cell growth. (A) Fibroblasts mixed within a fibrin gel without fibers, (B) fibroblasts mixed within a fibrin gel with short oriented fibers, and (C) fibroblasts elongate in the direction of the oriented fibers. Scale bars 50 μm. Reproduced with permission from [80], Copyright © 2017, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (c, A) Electrospun-aligned fibrillar fibrin hydrogel with good flexibility. (B, C) Hierarchically aligned microstructure at different magnifications. (d) Immunofluorescence staining images of the longitudinal tissue section from the T8–T10 spinal cord segment at 1 and 4 weeks after scaffold implantation. Reused with permission from [149]. Copyright © 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry.
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