Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cartilage Regeneration Applications

Table 2

Expression analysis of different markers involved in homing and migration.

Marker	UC-MSCs	BM-MSCs	AT-MSCs	Ref.
Secreted factors
COX-2	↑	↓	↓	[45]
bFGF (FGF-2)	↑↑	↓	↑	[45]
HGF	↑↑	↓	↓↓	[45, 105]
IGF-1	↑	↓	↓	[54]
IL-1α	↑↑	↓	ND	[54]
IL-1𝛽	↑↑	↓	↑	[54, 105, 106]
IL-6	↑	↓	↓	[105]
	↔	↔	↔	[45]
IL-8	↑	↓	↓	[105]
IL-1RA	↑	↓	↓	[105]
MCP-1 (CCL2)	↑	↓	↓	[45, 105]
	↔	↔	↔	[45]
MIP-1α (CCL3)	↓	↑	+	[107, 108]
MIP-1𝛽 (CCL4)	+	-	-	[105]
OPN	↓	↑	↓	[109]
PDGF-AA	↑	↓	↓	[105, 107]
PDGF-AB	↑	↓	-	[107, 110]
PDGF-BB	-	↓	-	[105]
PGE2	↓	↓	↓	[106]
PlGF	↓	↓↓	↑	[105]
SDF-1	↑	↑	↓	[111, 112]
SDF-1α	↔	↔	↔	[45]
TGF-𝛽1	↔	↔	↔	[105]
TGF-𝛽2	↑	↓	↓	[105]
VEGF-A	↑	↓	↓	[45]
VEGF-D	↑	↓	↓	[105, 107]
MMPs and TIMPS
MMP-1	↑	↓	↑↑	[105]
MMP-2	↔	↑	↔	[113]
MMP-3	↓	↓	↑	[105]
MMP-7	↓	↑	-	[105]
MMP-8	-	↑	-	[105]
MMP-13	-	-	+	[105]
TIMP-1	↔	↔	↔	[113]
TIMP-2	↔	↔	↔	[113]
Adhesion molecules and receptors
CCR2	↑	↓	↓	[54]
CXCR4	↑	↓	↓	[114]
Flt-1 (VEGFR1)	↑	↓	ND	[54]
ICAM-1	↑↑	↓	↑	[45]
Integrin α4	↑↑	↓	-	[54]
PDGF-Ra	↔	↔		[107]
PDGF-Rb	↑	↓	↓	[107]
VCAM-1	↓	↑	↓	[45]
Immunoregulatory molecules
B7-H3 (CD276)	+	+	+	[71]
CD200	↑	↓	↓↓	[54, 115]
Galectin 1	↑	↑	↓	[113]
HLA-ABC	↔	↔	↔	[54, 116]
HLA-DR	↔	↔	↔	[54, 116]
HLA-G	↑	↓	↓	[54, 116]
HLA-E	↑	↓	↓	[54, 117]
HLA-F	↑	↓	-	[54, 117]
IDO	↔	↔	↔	[45]
	↑↑	↑	ND	[118]
IP-10	↑	↓	↓	[105]
LIF	↑	↓	↓	[54, 113]
PD-L1 (B7-H1)	↑	↓	+	[54, 119]
PD-L2 (B7-DC/CD273)	↑	↓	+	[54, 119]
RANTES (CCL5)	↑	↓	↓	[105]
TLR-1	↔	↔	↔	[106]
TLR-2	↔	↔	↔	[106]
TLR-3	↔	↔	↔	[106]
TLR-4	-	↔	↔	[106]
TLR-5	↔	↔	↔	[106]
TLR-6	↔	↔	↔	[106]
TLR-9	↔	↔	↔	[106]

Expression: ↑: higher; ↑↑: significantly higher; ↓: lower; ↓↓: significantly lower; ↔: similar; +: qualitatively expressed, but not quantified; -: not expressed; ND: not detected.