Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by TGF-β1-Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Fracture Healing by SCD1-Regulated Transference of LRP5

Figure 4

MSC^TGF-β1-EVs induce HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. (a) Cell proliferation of HUVECs after administration of PBS, MSC^TGF-β1-EVs, and MSC^PBS-EVs as measured by CCK-8 assay, . (b) Cell proliferation of HUVECs measured by EdU staining, . (c) Representative images showing migrated HUVECs using the Transwell assay (left). Quantitative analysis of the migrated cells (right), . (d) Representative images showing the migration ability of HUVECs at 24 h using a wound healing assay (left). Quantitative analysis of the migration rate of HUVECs (right), . (e) Representative images showing tube formation in HUVECs treated with PBS, MSC^TGF-β1-EVs, and MSC^PBS-EVs (left). Quantitative analysis of the tube formation assay (right), . Data are expressed as . ^# and ^##, PBS vs. ; , MSC^PBS-EVs vs. MSC^TGF-β1-EVs. MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; EVs: extracellular vesicles; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

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