Characterization of Primary Cilia Formation in Human ESC-Derived Retinal Organoids

<div>Primary cilia are present in Chx10-positive, GFAP-positive, and PKC<i>α</i>-positive retinal cells. (a) Photomicrograph of primary cilia in sections from human fetal retina (week 22, <span class="nowrap"><svg height="8.55521pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 27.8368 8.55521" width="27.8368pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg>).</span> Arl13b (in green) and IFT88 (in red) antibodies were used as cilia markers. (b) Representative confocal images of retinal organoid sections stained with cell and primary cilia markers (Arl13b in red). Chx10: marker for retinal progenitor cells; Prox1: marker for horizontal cells: PKC<i>α</i>: marker for rod-bipolar cells; and GFAP: marker for astrocytes. All cell markers are labeled in green. Nuclei are stained by DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 10 <i>μ</i>m; magnified, 1 <i>μ</i>m.</div>

Stem Cells International

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Characterization of Primary Cilia Formation in Human ESC-Derived Retinal Organoids 