Regenerative Potential of Granulation Tissue in Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Table 1

Summary of demographics and study design from studies included in quantitative analysis.

Author, year of publication, and country	Study design	Definition of periodontitis	Ages (: periodontitis, : controls)	, periodontitis/controls	Sample collection site	Biomarkers measured
Pall et al., 2015, Romania	Case-control	Not mentioned		1/1	Granulation tissue: removed from the deepest part of surgical area (pocket reduction surgical approach, modified flap operation); healthy control: palatal tissue sample (premolar site), collected during mucogingival surgery (connective tissue graft plus coronally advanced flap)	CD34, CD45, CD49f, CD73, CD90, CD44, CD105, HLA-DR
Roman et al., 2016, Romania	Case-control	Not mentioned		1/1	Granulation tissue: removed from the deepest part of surgical area (pocket reduction surgical approach, modified flap operation); healthy control: connective tissue collected during a reentry surgery from the palatal premolar region that was already used as a donor site 6 months before	CD34, CD45, CD49f, CD73, CD90, CD44, CD105, HLA-DR, CD79α
Hung et al., 2012, China	Case series	Angular bony defects; chronic periodontitis according to 1999 AAP classification		15/0	Two- or three-walled intrabony defects	STRO-1, CD146, CD90, CD44
Adam et al., 2019, Germany	Case series	Residual periodontal defect exhibiting a pocket probing  mm, bleeding on probing, and a radiographically evident intrabony component of ≥3 mm		4/0	The bottom of the intrabony periodontal defect	CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, STRO-1, SSEA-4, CD34, CD45
Liu et al., 2012, China	Case-control	Diagnosed based on marked alveolar bone loss (2/3) and deep probing depth ( mm in more than one site)	-40; -45	8/5	Granulation tissue: extracted from tooth surface; healthy control: root apical papilla was gently separated from the surface of the root	CD90, CD146, STRO-1, OCT-4, SSEA-4
Adam et al., 2020, Germany	Case series	Residual periodontal defect exhibiting a probing pocket  mm, bleeding on probing, and a radiographically evident intrabony  mm		5/0	The bottom of the intrabony periodontal defect	SSEA4, NANOG, SOX2, OCT4, CD90, CD73, CD105, CD146, STRO-1, CD34, CD45

Abbreviation: AAP: American Academy of Periodontology. -40, -45, study did not mention exact value but only provided the range of ages.