Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical trials for their ability to foster wound healing and tissue regeneration. They are well known to show a therapeutic potential largely depending on their ability to secrete proregenerative cytokines, making these cells an attractive option for improving the treatment of chronic wounds. The wound microenvironment is a miscellaneous key-factor in the local management of the healing process: players such as the extracellular matrix or the resident and recruited cells with paracrine activity are able to determine the way and the appropriateness of the regenerative processes.

Dental-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (D-dMSCs) are an intriguing milestone of the regenerative medicine, with regards to their potential of differentiating into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages.

Despite the multiple barriers to their clinical use, MSCs or D-dMSCs have shown sufficient promise to garner a primary place in the field of translational medicine. In fact, MSCs and D-dMSCs cell therapies have significant implications for human health: clinical studies are greatly needed to confirm or stimulate the basic and translational researches aimed to reach cutting-edge results.

In this special issue, we invite worldwide researchers as well as the clinicians confident in the regenerative medicine to submit their most interesting reviews and original papers describing the good, the bad, and the ugly of MSCs and D-dMSCs in translational medicine, wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Innovative aspects of MSCs and D-dMSCs and/or their biology, and other regenerative concepts, within the context of isolation, derivation, reprogramming, self-renewal, quality control, differentiation, transplantation, good manufacturing practice (GMP), new sources of D-dMSCs or MSCs, and other similar studies are warmly welcome topics.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Mesenchymal stem cells in translational research and therapeutic strategies towards tissue regeneration and wound healing
• Computational models investigating the mechanobiology of MSCs/D-dMSCs and their interactions with scaffolds for tissue engineering
• Bioinformatics and/or novel applications for Biomaterials, Scaffolds and Three-dimensional cell culture models to better understand MSCs biology
• Growth factors effects on MSCs
• MSCs activity and delivery/routes, extracellular matrix and bioactive molecules, inflammation/immunomodulation and mesenchymal stem cells activity
• Clinical research on application of D-dMSCs or MSCs and their cross-talk with engineered peptide and protein Materials, including Bioengineered/Biomimetic scaffolds, secretome, feasibility and “proof-of-concept” studies
• New methodological paradigms that challenge current thinking in clinical research, and development of clinical-grade MSCs/D-dMSCs in matrix remodeling under good manufacturing practice (GMP) protocols/conditions