Research Article

Effect of the APOE Polymorphism and Age Trajectories of Physiological Variables on Mortality: Application of Genetic Stochastic Process Model of Aging

Table 1

Estimates of parameters of the genetic stochastic process model applied to data on mortality and longitudinal measurements of total cholesterol (“CH”) and diastolic blood pressure (“DBP”) in female (“F”) and male (“M”) carriers (“e4”) and non-carriers (“no e4”) of the APOE e4 allele in the Framingham Heart Study (original cohort).

VariableSexAlleleBaseline Hazard ) Multiplier in quadratic part of hazard ( )Adaptive capacity ) Mean allostatic trajectory )Other parametersln L

CHFno e4 0.086 0.00 −0.0037 0.0009 1.731 −0.0583 39.05 14.30 0.645 −171761.430
e4 −6.12 0.058 0.00 0.0023 −0.138 244.08 2.645 −0.0772 49.14 22.21
CHMno e4 0.081 0.00 −0.0141 0.0035 −0.588 −0.0239 38.19 13.60 0.666 −127202.469
e4 −4.89 0.045 0.06 −0.0177 0.0044 −0.167 253.78 −0.055 −0.0379 48.24 22.30
DBPFno e4 0.122 0.00 −0.0135 0.000 0.245 −0.0117 8.96 4.96 0.634 −151149.750
e4 −6.62 0.091 0.00 0.0269 −0.135 0.000 87.62 0.207 −0.0133 14.69 6.44
DBP
M
no e4 0.101 0.00 −0.154 0.000 0.050 −0.0096 8.53 4.86 0.640 −109616.899
e4 −5.35 0.073 0.00 −0.152 0.000 89.87 0.156 −0.0130 13.53 6.55

Notes:
(1) ln L logarithm of the likelihood function.
(2) The estimates of some parameters are rescaled for better visibility in the table: are multiplied by 104; are multiplied by 105; are multiplied by 103.
(3) The symbols after the numbers in the following columns of Table 1 denote values (evaluated by the likelihood ratio test) for different null hypotheses.
Column “ ”: null hypothesis—baseline hazard rates coincide in carriers and non-carriers of the e4 allele, that is, (t, no e4) = (t, e4) (respective symbols are shown in rows “no e4”).
Column “ ”: null hypothesis—zero quadratic part of the hazard (separately for carriers and non-carriers), that is, (t, no e4) = 0 for rows “no e4”, (t, e4) = 0 for rows “e4”.
Column “ ”: null hypothesis—age-independent U shapes of the hazard (separately for carriers and non-carriers), that is, for rows “no e4”, for rows “e4”.
Column “ ”: null hypothesis—adaptive capacities coincide in carriers and non-carriers, that is, a(t, no e4) = a(t, e4) (respective symbols are shown in rows “no e4”).
Column “ ”: null hypothesis—no aging-related decline in the adaptive capacity (separately for carriers and non-carriers), for rows “no e4”, for rows “e4”;
Column “ ”: null hypothesis—“mean allostatic trajectories” coincide in carriers and non-carriers, that is, (t, no e4) = (t, e4) (respective symbols are shown in rows “no e4”).
The symbols in these columns denote: ; §0.0001 ≤ ; #0.001 ≤ ; *0.01 ≤ , for respective null hypotheses. The absence of symbols after the numbers in these columns means that respective -values exceed 0.05. Note that all other columns in the table, except the columns mentioned above, are not used to represent information on testing any null hypotheses and therefore they do not contain any symbols.