Review Article

Communication between Bacteria and Their Hosts

Table 1

Stress hormone responsive bacteria.

SpeciesCatecholamine/metaboliteGrowthVirulenceReference

Aeromonas hydrophila NE++[140]
Acinetobacter lwoffii NE+[14]
Bordetella bronchiseptica, B. pertussis NE, Adr, Dop++[46, 47]
Borrelia burgdorferi NE+[72]
Brachyspira pilosicoli NE++[71]
Campylobacter jejuni NE++[141]
Citrobacter freundii, C. rodentium NE+[14, 91]
Enterobacter agglomerans, E. sakazakii NE+[14]
Enterococcus faecalis, E. cloacae NE+[14]
Escherichia coli (commensal and pathogenic)NE, Adr, Dop, Iso, Dob, DHPG, DHMA++[13, 14, 1935]
Hafnia alvei NE+[14]
Helicobacter pylori NE+[36]
Klebsiella oxytoca, K. pneumoniae NE+[14]
Listeria monocytogenes NE, Adr, Dop+[14, 37]
Morganella morganii NE+[14]
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae NE+[48]
Proteus mirabilis NE+[14]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NE, Adr, Dop++[13, 14, 44, 45]
Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium NE, Adr, Dop++[13, 14, 3842, 45]
Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri NE+[14, 142]
Staphylococcus aureus NE, Dop+[51]
Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. capitis, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis NE, Adr, Dop, Iso, Dob++[14, 5153]
Streptococcus dysgalactiae NE+[14]
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. mimicus, V. vulnificus NE, Adr, Dop++[76, 143, 144]
Xanthomonas maltophilia NE+[14]
Yersinia enterocolitica NE, Adr, Dop,+[13, 14, 40, 43]
Oral bacteriaNE, Adr+[49, 50]
Actinomyces gerencseriae, +
A. naeslundii, A. odontolyticus +
Campylobacter gracilis +
Capnocytophaga sputigena, C. gingivalis +
Eikenella corrodens +
Eubacterium saburreum +
Fusobacterium periodonticum, +
F. nucleatum subsp. vincentii +
Leptotrichia buccalis +
Neisseria mucosa +
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, +
P. micros, +
Prevotella denticola, P. melaninogenica +
Staphylococcus intermedius +
Streptococcus gordonii, +
S. constellatus, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. sanguis +

The “+” indicates that catecholamine stress hormones, inotropes, or their metabolites have induced enhancement of growth or virulence of the bacterial species shown. NE: noradrenaline; Adr: adrenaline; Dop: dopamine; Iso: isoprenaline; Dob: dobutamine; DHPG: dihydroxy phenylglycol; DHMA: dihydroxy mandelic acid.
This table was adapted with permission from Freestone et al. (2008) [3].