Review Article

Bacterial Ice Crystal Controlling Proteins

Figure 3

Instruments used to determine thermal hysteresis. The operator uses the nanoliter osmometer to carefully control the temperature of the cold plate: knobs are used to sensitively increase and decrease temperatures. A solution droplet placed in immersion oil is observed for ice crystals. Following flash freezing, the solution is melted until a single ice crystal remains to visually determine the melting and freezing temperature.
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