Three-Dimensional Kinetic Adaptations of Gait throughout Pregnancy and Postpartum
Table 1
Mean and standard deviation of the peak values for vertical, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral components of the ground reaction forces.
Component
Side
Peaks
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester
Postpartum
Mean
Std. Dev.
Mean
Std. Dev.
Mean
Std. Dev.
Mean
Std. Dev.
Vertical
Right
1st
1.085
0.083
1.091
0.057
1.073
0.057
1.110
0.100
(f) 0.013
2nd
0.797
0.063
0.811
0.057
0.830
0.045
0.783
0.070
(f) 0.030
3rd
1.137
0.039
1.126
0.044
1.086
0.030
1.156
0.042
(c) 0.026 (f) 0.001
Left
1st
1.089
0.076
1.108
0.072
1.085
0.067
1.122
0.107
ns
2nd
0.793
0.061
0.800
0.058
0.821
0.046
0.781
0.067
ns
3rd
1.136
0.045
1.125
0.052
1.089
0.037
1.147
0.050
(b) 0.001 (f) 0.004
Anterior-osterior
Right
1st
−0.159
0.038
−0.175
0.045
−0.161
0.032
−0.182
0.050
(d) 0.044
2nd
0.207
0.031
0.219
0.024
0.204
0.028
0.215
0.035
ns
Left
1st
−0.145
0.064
−0.173
0.027
−0.163
0.027
−0.182
0.042
ns
2nd
0.187
0.046
0.208
0.025
0.192
0.022
0.210
0.029
(f) 0.019
Medial-lateral
Right
1st
−0.011
0.030
−0.034
0.039
−0.025
0.018
−0.017
0.032
ns
2nd
−0.095
0.031
−0.086
0.029
−0.080
0.031
−0.094
0.033
ns
Left
1st
−0.007
0.035
0.008
0.028
0.027
0.022
−0.008
0.029
(f) 0.031
2nd
0.095
0.048
0.078
0.029
0.078
0.025
0.087
0.032
ns
(a) Significant differences between 1st and 2nd trimesters; (b) significant differences between 1st and 3rd trimesters; (c) significant differences between 2nd and 3rd trimesters; (d) significant differences between 1st trimester and PP; (e) significant differences between 2nd trimester and PP; (f) significant differences between 3rd trimester and PP; ns: nonsignificant.
