Investigation and Management of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy

Table 3

Most frequent histological types of adnexal masses in pregnancy.

	Bernhard et al., 1999 [9]	Soriano et al., 1999 [13]	Whitecar et al., 1999 [14]	Yuen et al., 2004 [12]	Schmeler et al., 2005 [10]	Leiserowitz et al., 2006 [17]	Kumari et al., 2006 [11]	Balci et al., 2008 [3]	Yen et al., 2009 [15]	Ulker et al., 2010 [7]	Aggarwal and Kehoe, 2011 [4]	Aggarwal and Kehoe, 2011 [4]	Koo et al., 2012 [16]
	432	93	118	70	59	202	20	36	212	119	548; Review	272; Review	262
Benign						NA						NA
Teratomas	39%	7.5%	33.9%	31.4%	42.5%		15%	17.6%	35.7%	32%	34.6%		42%
Cystadenomas	26%	8.6%	29.7%	17.1%	15.3%		25%	8.8%	23.5%	19.4%	23.5%		13%
Endometriomas	13%	2.2%	0.8%	25.7%	5.1%		5%	23.5%	9.4%	3.4%	—		6.5%
Functional cysts	2.6%	31.2%	21.2%	20%	15.3%		30%	41.2%	16.9%	26.9%	—		16.8%
Paraovarian/paratubal cysts	—	3.2%	3.4%	4.3%	—		15%	2.9%	2.8%	13.4%	—		5%
Leiomyomas	—	4.3%	2.5%	—	7%		—		—	2.5%	—		—
Malignant	2.6%	3.3%	6.8%	—	8.5%	NA	10%	5.8%	3.3%	1.7%	5.6%	NA	7,3%
Borderline	2.6%	1.1%	3.4%	—	1.7%	56.9%	5%	5.8%	1.4%	—	3.1%	48.1%	4.9%
Epithelial	—	1.1%	0.8%	—	5.1%	21.8%	5%	—	0.5%	1.7%	1.6%	21.6%	1.5%
Germ cell	—	1.1%	0.8%	—	1.7%	16.9%	—	—	1.4%	—	0.9%	24.6%	0.8%
Stromal	—	—	1.7%	—	—	0.5%	—	—	—	—	—	NE	—

Functional cysts include follicular formations, corpora lutea, and theca lutein cysts.  Review of studies which reported adnexal masses detected and followed up in pregnancy up to the point of definite management (includes Bernhard et al. (1999) [9], Schmeler et al. (2005) [10], Balci et al. (2008) [3], and Yen et al. (2009) [15]). Review of studies including only surgically managed malignant tumors (includes Leiserowitz et al. (2006) [17]). NA: not applicable to study design. NE: not specified.