Investigation and Management of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy

Table 5

Frequency of complications of adnexal masses in pregnancy.

Complications	Frequency
Torsion [2, 3, 5, 9–11, 14, 15, 20]	1–27.7%
Rupture [11, 16]	0–5%
Malignancy [3, 7, 9–16]	0–10%
Abortion [3–5, 10, 14, 28–31]	0–6%
Preterm delivery [3–5]	5.8–10.4%

Malignancy, including borderline tumors.